Abstract

This study examines the productivity of livestock production in Inner Mongolia, China, and identifies the key factors influencing its performance. Livestock production plays a crucial role in the regional economy, serving as a primary source of livelihood for a significant portion of the population and contributing substantially to food supply and industrial raw materials. Using statistical data from 2014 to 2023, this research analyzes trends in economic output, labor productivity, and regional disparities in livestock production. The findings reveal that livestock productivity has increased significantly over the past decade, driven by technological advancements, structural transformation, and improved resource allocation. However, notable regional differences persist. The eastern region demonstrates a strong comparative advantage and high specialization in livestock production, while the central region shows stable development supported by industrialization and dairy sector growth. In contrast, the western region exhibits relatively low productivity due to natural constraints and a resource-based industrial structure. Furthermore, the study employs the Location Quotient (LQ) method to assess regional specialization, confirming that livestock production is highly concentrated in specific areas with favorable ecological and economic conditions. The results highlight the importance of regional resource endowments, industrial structure, and policy support in shaping livestock productivity. This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the spatial distribution and determinants of livestock productivity in Inner Mongolia and offers policy implications for promoting sustainable and efficient livestock production